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Phylloxera

Production
A vine loving insect that devastated much of the vineyards in Europe in the late 19th century, it normally feeds of the roots. Brought over on American rootstock and then spread. This has lead to much of European vines being grafted onto different rootstocks. Some countries are still free of it and strict quarantine rules are in place to stop the spread. Vines in sandy soils are less susceptible.